Temperate Fruit Crops, Their identification and Other information

Apple

Common Name- King of temperate fruits

B.N- Malus domestica

Family- Rosaceae

Chromosome No.- 34

Origin- Asia minor to western Himalayas

Propagation- Tongue grafting/Shield budding

Varieties- A) Early- Tydemans early, Early shanburry, Fenny, Benoni

B) Mid- Red delicious, Red chief, Red gold, Top Red, American mother, Golden delicious

C) Late- Yellow Newton, Winter banana, Granny Smith

Rootstock- A) Seedling- Crab apple- Malus baccata- most commonly used rootstock in India

B) Clonal- 1) M-9: Dwarf- suitable for HDP,

2) M-27: Ultradwarf: (M-13×M-9)

3) M-4, M-7, MM-106: Semi dwarf- suitable for HDP.

Apple Bowl of India- Himachal Pradesh 

Flower Colour- White to Pink

Training system- Various methods of training system adopted in Apple are Central Leader system, Open center system and Modified Central Leader system.

Pollination- Cross Pollinated

Harvesting Period- Sept to Oct

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Pear 

B.N- Pyrus communis

Family- Rosaceae

Chromosome No.- 34

Origin- Europe

Propagation- Tongue grafting

Varieties- Red blush, Punjab gold, Punjab nectar

Hybrid- Kiffer, Leconte, Patharanakh, Gola, China pear

Rootstock- Quince-A, Quince-C

Mehal/Kainth, Shaira- Important rootstock for pear.

Training system- Modified central leader.

Pollination- Cross Pollinated

Harvesting Period- May to June

Yield- 30 to 35 t/hec.

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Strawberry

B.N- Frugaria ananasa

Family- Rosaceae

Chromosome No.- 56

Origin- Man made Hybrid

Propagation- By Runner's

Varieties- Chandler, Pajaro, Red coat, Dilpasand, Premier, Selva, Torrey

Flower Colour- White

Training system- Matted row system of training followed in India.

Pollination- Cross Pollinated

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Peach

B.N- Prunus Persia

Family- Rosaceae

Chromosome No.- 16

Origin- China

Propagation- T-budding

Varieties- A) Early- World earliest, Red haven, Stark Red gold, Early candor 

B) Mid- Julie elberta, Alexander, Co Smith

C) Late- Parrot delux, J.H. Hale, Peregrine

Rootstock- A) Nemaguard- Resistant to root knot nematode

B) Myran- Tolerant to drought, Poor soil, Root knot nematode, Verticillium wilt.

Flower Colour- Pink

TSS- 8 to 13% Brix.

Training system- Tatura trellis

Pollination- Self Pollinated

Harvesting Period- May to July

Yield- 7 to 10 t/hec.

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Plum

B.N- Prunus domestica

Family- Rosaceae

Chromosome No.- 16

Origin- Japan

Propagation- T-budding

Varieties- A) Early- Beauty, Settler, Cloth of Gold, Methley

B) Mid- Elephant heart, Satsuma, Victoria, Burbank

C) Late- Late yellow, Grand Duke, Silver Willson, Red Ace

Rootstock- A) Vigorous- Myrobalan-B, Julien-C, Myro-29-C

B) Dwarf- Pixy

TSS- 12.5% Brix.

Training system- Central modified Leader system, Open center is oldest training system.

Planting Time- December to January

Propagation- Cross Pollinated

Harvesting Period- May to July.

Yield- 60 to 70kg/tree.

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Almond

B.N- Prunus communis

Family- Rosaceae

Chromosome No.- 16

Origin- Afganisthan

Varieties- Texas, Makhdoom, Peerless, Non-pareil, IXL, Jordanolo, Katha

Training system- Central modified system

Pollination- Cross Pollinated

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Apricot 

B.N- Prunus armeniaca

Family- Rosaceae

Chromosome No.- 16

Origin- China

Propagation- Tongue grafting

Varieties- Nugget, Royal, Bebeco, Chaubattria Alankar, Chaubattria Madhu, Chaubattria kesai, Halman

Pollination- Self Pollinated

Harvesting period- May to June

Yield- 15 to 22 t/hec.

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Cherry

B.N- Prunus avium

Family- Rosaceae

Origin- Black to Caspian sea

Propagation- Air layering

Varieties- Black heart, White heart, Napoleon white, Stella, Early rivers, Black republic

Rootstock- A) Seedling- Paja, Mahaleb, Mazzard

B) Clonal- Colt, Mazzard F-12

Training system- Modified leader.

Harvesting Period- April

Yield- 15 to 20kg/tree

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Walnut

B.N- Juglans regia

Family- Juglandaceae

Chromosome No.- 32

Origin- Indo-China

Varieties- Lake English, Roopa, Karan, Gobind, Chakrata, Placentia, Wilson

Rootstock- Paradox

Training system- Modified Central Leader

Harvesting period- Aug to Sept.

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Pecanut

Common Name- Queen of Nuts

B.N- Carya illieonsis

Family- Juglandaceae

Chromosome No.- 36

Origin- Asia minor

Varieties- Desirable, Nellis, Mahan, Western, Chicksaw, Stuart, Burkett

Harvesting period- October

Yield- 20 to 25 kg/tree