Spices and Condiments, Their identification, Plant part used and Other information

Black Pepper

B.N:- Piper nigrum

Family:- Piperaceae

Origin:- Indo-burma

Chromosome No. :- 128.

Propagation:- By shoot cutting

Varieties:- Karimunda, Panniyur-2,4,6, Sreekara, Subhakara, Poornima, Panchami

Hybrids:- Panniyur-1, Panniyur-3

Plant Part Used:- Fruit, Seeds

Important Chemical Content:- Piperine

Essential Oil % :- 1 to 3%.

Yield:- 273kg/ha.

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Turmeric

B.N:- Curcuma longa

Family:- Zingiberaceae

Origin:- South East Asia

Chromosome No. :- 62.

Propagation:- By Rhizomes

Seed Rate:- 2500kg/ha.

Varieties:- Krishna, Kranti, Sugandham, Saguna, Prabha, Roma, Pratibha

Plant Part Used:- Rhizome

Important Chemical Content:- Curcumine

Essential Oil % :- 0.24%

Yield:- 25-30t/ha.

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Cardamom

B.N:- Elettaria cardamomum

Family:- Zingiberaceae

Origin:- India

Chromosome No. :- 48.

Propagation:- By Rhizomes

Varieties:- Mysore type, Malabar type, PV-2, Mudigree-1, Vazukha type

Plant Part Used:- Fruit, Seeds

Important Chemical Content:- Cineol

Harvesting:- Oct-Nov

Yield:- 500kg/ha. (150kg/dry/ha.)

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Large Cardamomum

B.N:- Amomum subulatum

Family:- Zingiberaceae

Origin:- India

Propagation:- Sucker's

Varieties:- Bebo, Golsey, Ramla, Ramsey

Plant Part Used:- Fruit, Seed

Important Chemical Content:- Cineal

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Ginger

B.N:- Zingiber offecinale

Family:- Zingiberaceae

Origin:- South East Asia

Chromosome No. :- 22

Propagation:- By Rhizomes

Seed Rate:- 1200-1800kg/ha.

Varieties:- Suphrabha, Riode Janerio, Wynad manantody

Plant Part Used:- Rhizome

Important Chemical Content:- Zingiberene

Essential Oil % :- 1.9 to 2.2%.

Yield:- 15-30t/ha.

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Cinnamon

B.N:- Cinnamomum verum

Family:- Lauraceae

Origin:- Srilanka

Chromosome No. :- 24.

Propagation:- Seed

Varieties:- Navashree, Konkan Tej, Nithyashree, Yercaud-2

Plant Part Used:- Bark

Important Chemical Content:- Cinamaldehyde

Essential Oil % :- 5.2%.

Harvesting:- Sept-November

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Nutmeg

B.N:- Myristica fragrans

Family:- Myrsticaceae

Origin:- Indonesia

Plant Part Used:- Seeds, Aril

Important Chemical Content:- Terbein

Harvesting:- June- August

Uses:- Pericarp is used for making Jam, Jelly, Pickles.

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Clove

B.N:- Syzygium aromaticum

Family:- Myrtaceae

Origin:- Indonesia

Chromosome No. :- 44.

Varieties:- Pevang, Lenzipore, Amulya

Plant Part Used:- Unopened flower bud

Important Chemical Content:- Eugenol

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Curry Leaf

B.N:- Murraya koenigi

Family:- Rutaceae

Chromosome No:- 18.

Propagation:- By seeds

Varieties:- Suwasani

Plant Part Used:- Leaves

Important Chemical Content:- Koenigine

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Saffron

B.N:- Crocus satiyus

Family:- Iridiaceae

Origin:- India

Plant Part Used:- Stigma 

Important Chemical Content:- Cicrocrocin

Essential Oil % :- 0.5 to 1.0%.

Harvesting:- Oct-Nov.

Yield:- 5kg dried saffron/ha.

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Dill

B.N:- Anthum graveolens

Family:- Apiaceae

Origin:- Eurasia

Plant Part Used:- Fruit

Important Chemical Content:- Carvone

Essential Oil % :- 1.5 to 4.0%.

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Coriander

B.N:- Coriandrum sativum

Family:- Apiaceae

Chromosome No:- 22

Origin:- Mediterranean region

Propagation:- Seed

Seed Rate:- 25-30kg/ha (Rainfed), 12-15kg/ha (Irrigated), 40-42kg/ha (Leaf Vegetables)

Varieties:- Sindhu, Sadhana, Swathi, Rajendra Swathi, Merrocan, Pant Harithna, Karan

Plant Part Used:- Leaves, Seed.

Important Chemical Content:- Linalool

Essential Oil % :- 0.1 to 1.0%.

Yield:- 7.5q/ha.

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Cumin

B.N:- Cuminum cyminum

Family:- Apiaceae

Chromosome No:- 14

Origin:- Mediteranean region

Propagation:- Seed

Seed Rate:- 12-15kg/ha.

Varieties:- RZ-19, RZ-209, GC-1, GC-2, Vijapur-5

Plant Part Used:- Fruit

Important Chemical Content:- Cuminol

Essential Oil % :- 2.5 to 3.5%.

Yield:- 7-8q/ha.

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Fennel

B.N:- Foeniculum vulgare

Family:- Apiaceae

Origin:- Mediteranean region

Propagation:- Seed

Seed Rate:- 10-12kg/ha.

Varieties:- RF-101, RF-125, RF-35

Plant Part Used:- Fruit

Important Chemical Content:- Limone

Essential Oil % :- 0.7 to 1.2%.

Yield:- 9-10q/ha.

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Bishop's weed

B.N:- Gopodium podagraria

Family:- Apiaceae

Oregon:- Mediteranean region

Plant Part Used:- Fruit

Important Chemical Content:- Thynol

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Vanilla

B.N:- Vanilla planifolia

Family:- Orchidaceae

Origin:- America

Propagation:- Stem cutting

Plant Part Used:- Fruit

Important Chemical Content:- Vanillin

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Fenugreek

B.N:- Trigonella foenumgraceum

Family:- Fabaceae

Origin:- Europe

Propagation:- Seed

Varieties:- Rajendra Kranti, Hissar Sonali

Plant Part Used:- Seed

Seed Rate:- 25kg/ha.

Important Chemical Content:- Diosgenin

Yield:- 10-11q/ha.

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Kokum

B.N:- Garcinia indica

Family:- Guttiferae

Chromosome No:- 24.

Origin:- India

Varieties:- Konkan Amrit

Plant Part Used:- Fruit

Important Chemical Content:- Hydroxy acetic acid